Targaxan, known generically as rifaximin, is an antibiotic medication primarily used to treat certain gastrointestinal conditions. It operates by inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the intestines, making it effective in managing disorders such as traveler's diarrhea caused by E. coli, irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), and hepatic encephalopathy, a complication of liver disease. Unlike many other antibiotics, Targaxan is minimally absorbed into the bloodstream from the gut, allowing it to target the intestinal tract directly with reduced systemic side effects. This characteristic makes it a preferred option for treating specific intestinal conditions without significantly affecting the body's overall bacterial balance.