Treosulfan is a medication primarily used in the field of oncology, particularly for the treatment of ovarian cancer. It belongs to the class of drugs known as alkylating agents, which work by interfering with the DNA replication process in cancer cells, thereby inhibiting their growth and proliferation. Treosulfan has also been increasingly utilized as a conditioning agent before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in both adults and children. This application is based on its ability to prepare the patient's body to receive new stem cells by suppressing the immune system and eliminating diseased or cancerous cells. Its efficacy, combined with a relatively favorable toxicity profile compared to other conditioning regimens, makes treosulfan a valuable option in the treatment and management of various malignancies and blood disorders.